Which model describes mental disorders as sickness that may be brought on by environment or habits?

• A. Medical Model of Disorders
• B. Biological Model of Disorders
• C. Psychodynamic Model of Disorders
• D. Biopsychosocial Model of Disorders

Answer: (D)

This question tests how mental disorders are understood as arising from a mix of influences, not just biology or psychology alone. The biopsychosocial model explains that mental illness results from the interaction of biological factors (like genetics or brain chemistry), psychological factors (thoughts, emotions, coping), and social/environmental factors (relationships, culture, routines, habits, stress). Because it explicitly includes environment and habits as part of what can trigger or shape a disorder, it best matches the idea of sickness influenced by the surroundings and everyday behaviors. In contrast, the medical model focuses on diagnosing a disease in the body, the biological model emphasizes biology and physiology, and the psychodynamic model centers on unconscious conflicts and early experiences, without centering current environment or habit as the primary cause.